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    Your Guide to Midges in Scotland

    Author: Meike Burgess, Marketing & Paid Media Manager
    More by Meike

    The Real Story of this Fearsome Beastie

    Are Scottish midges a blood-sucking pest that can completely ruin a good day out? Or are they a vital part of the ecosystem?

    We give you the details on when to expect midges in Scotland, why they bite, how to avoid them and how to stop them biting. And for the mindful and forgiving out there, why they should be celebrated.

    How Long Do Midges Live?

    You may have noticed that midges are a Scottish feature that exclusively belongs to the summer season, with midge season starting in late May and typically lasting until late August. So, where are they for the rest of the year? The life cycle of the Scottish midge consists of 4 key stages.

    1. Midges mate and lay eggs in the summer months.
    2. The eggs hatch into larvae and will develop while living in the boggy soil.
    3. Before winter, they will reach the final instar stage of their larvae development and become a pupa.
    4. The adult midge will emerge from the pupa in the springtime.

    To find out more about the Highland midge life cycle, Outdoor Access Scotland has a useful guide.

    Why Do Midges Bite?

    Midges Biting Hiker Scotland

    Midges biting a hiker in Scotland

    Midges don’t bite us to be nasty. Out of hundreds of species of midge, only 35 midges actually bite you and they do that because they need to survive.

    Male midges primarily feed on rotting vegetation and plant nectar. Females will bite you because they need the protein from a blood meal to create their eggs.

    Interesting fact: Male midges aren’t even capable of biting you, as their mouthparts are not strong enough to pierce skin!

    Do Midges Carry Diseases?

    Whilst mosquitos are known for being vectors for disease, midges are definitely not. Rest assured, midges do not carry any infectious diseases, so you won’t get anything from being bitten aside from a very itchy bump.

    How Can You Avoid Midges?

    West Highland Way Hikers

    Hikers on the West Highland Way

    There are some easy ways to avoid getting bitten by midges in Scotland when you are out and about.

    • Midges don’t like bright sunlight, so are likely to be more active at dawn, dusk and on a cloudy day.
    • Midges are actually too small to fly in winds more than 3mph, so a windy day is a good opportunity for a midge-free day.
    • Get up high. Gaining altitude is also a good way to avoid these beasties as it becomes windier higher up. Nothing like being chased by a swarm of midges to get you up that hill!
    • They also don’t like open water, so sea kayaking is a great option for a midge free times.
    • Although they don’t like open water, they do like water like lochs, ponds, rivers, etc, so be conscious of that if planning to be stationary for longer.

    How Can You Stop Midges From Biting?

    Midge Bite Cafe

    Midge Bite Cafe

    We can’t always go out in perfect midge-free conditions so here are some ways you can protect yourself from being bitten.

    1. Midge Repellents

    The two most commonly known midge repellents are Smidge and Avon Skin so Soft. Smidge is a skin-safe insect repellent that protects you from midges, mosquitoes, horse flies, sand flies, fleas and ticks. The fragrance is surprisingly inoffensive and comes in a handy travel sized bottle which you can easily keep handy in pockets.

    Avon Skin So Soft never set out to be a midge repellent but somehow found itself being most famous for that particular characteristic. The theory is that the dry oil forms a barrier on your skin which makes it more difficult for those pesky lady midges to get hold and bite you. Side benefits include moisturising effect and smelling nice. Although Avon Skin so Soft is proven to significantly reduce biting, the midges will still land on you. If you want to really keep them off you and repel them, Smidge would be a safer bet.

    2. Cover up

    Covering up is a good way to deter midges as their mouthparts are a. not strong enough and b. not long enough to bite through clothing. The go to protective gear is a head net made out of a very fine mesh that midges can’t fly through. Do not use mosquito nets! Midges are so small they will easily fly through a mosquito net.

    Read our blog for more creative ways to escape midge bites: Midges in Scotland – How to Combat the Mighty Midge

    Why don’t we do some form of pest control for midges?

    Concerns have been raised repeatedly about the negative impact midges may have on our tourism and economy. Due to this, government-funded investigations have been conducted. As a result, government-funded investigations have been conducted into ways to control midges.

    However, despite the harm they may do to Scotland’s image, they are actually a fundamental part of the ecosystem in the highlands. Midges play a prominent role in the food chain, being part of the diets of other insects and even bats! There are also some carnivorous plants in Scotland that can’t resist a side of midge. You can find out more about the medicinal properties of Scottish plants on our blog.

    Words of Wisdom

    Knowing why midges bite you doesn’t make it any less annoying, but hopefully, this has helped you realise that midges are not as omnipresent in the Highlands as people claim they are and that there are some easy ways to avoid them and their bites.

    Meet the Author: Meike Burgess

    Having grown up travelling across the world I've developed an addiction to all things spice and to travel! When it was time to go to university I wandered off to Scotland for a new adventure and now 10+ years later I've not managed to leave yet. Scotland's welcoming culture, beautiful scenery and a Scottish man captured my heart. Moving to Scotland has made me develop a passion for the outdoors and I love heading out for an explore.

    View profile More by Meike

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